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C#教程之C#拼接SQL语句 用ROW_NUMBER实现的高效分页
如果项目中要用到数据库,铁定要用到分页排序。之前在做数据库查询优化的时候,通宵写了以下代码,来拼接分页排序的SQL语句
/// <summary>
/// 单表(视图)获取分页SQL语句
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName">表名或视图名</param>
/// <param name="key">唯一键</param>
/// <param name="fields">获取的字段</param>
/// <param name="condition">查询条件(不包含WHERE)</param>
/// <param name="collatingSequence">排序规则(不包含ORDER BY)</param>
/// <param name="pageSize">页大小</param>
/// <param name="pageIndex">页码(从1开始)</param>
/// <returns>分页SQL语句</returns>
public static string GetPagingSQL(
string tableName,
string key,
string fields,
string condition,
string collatingSequence,
int pageSize,
int pageIndex)
{
string whereClause = string.Empty;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(condition))
{
whereClause = string.Format("WHERE {0}", condition);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(collatingSequence))
{
collatingSequence = string.Format("{0} ASC", key);
}
StringBuilder sbSql = new StringBuilder();
sbSql.AppendFormat("SELECT {0} ", PrependTableName(tableName, fields, ','));
sbSql.AppendFormat("FROM ( SELECT TOP {0} ", pageSize * pageIndex);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" [_RowNum_] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY {0} ), ", collatingSequence);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" {0} ", key);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" FROM {0} ", tableName);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" {0} ", whereClause);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" ) AS [_TempTable_] ");
sbSql.AppendFormat(" INNER JOIN {0} ON [_TempTable_].{1} = {0}.{1} ", tableName, key);
sbSql.AppendFormat("WHERE [_RowNum_] > {0} ", pageSize * (pageIndex - 1));
sbSql.AppendFormat("ORDER BY [_TempTable_].[_RowNum_] ASC ");
return sbSql.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 给字段添加表名前缀
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName">表名</param>
/// <param name="fields">字段</param>
/// <param name="separator">标识字段间的分隔符</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string PrependTableName(string tableName, string fields, char separator)
{
StringBuilder sbFields = new StringBuilder();
string[] fieldArr = fields.Trim(separator).Split(separator);
foreach (string str in fieldArr)
{
sbFields.AppendFormat("{0}.{1}{2}", tableName, str.Trim(), separator);
}
return sbFields.ToString().TrimEnd(separator);
}
假设有如下产品表:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Tbl_Product]
(
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1, 1)
NOT NULL ,
[ProductId] [varchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[ProductName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[IsDeleted] [int] NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT [DF_Tbl_Product_IsDeleted] DEFAULT ( (0) ) ,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Tbl_Product] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ProductId] ASC )
WITH ( PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF,
IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON,
ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON ) ON [PRIMARY]
)
ON [PRIMARY]
Tbl_Product->ID(序号,非空,自增)
Tbl_Product->ProductId(产品Id,主键)
Tbl_Product->ProductName(产品名称,非空)
Tbl_Product->IsDeleted(虚拟删除标记,非空)
调用BasicFunction.GetPagingSQL("Tbl_Product", "ID", "ID,ProductId,ProductName", "IsDeleted=0", "ProductName ASC, ID DESC", 5, 5),BasicFunction为分页排序方法所在的静态类,生成的分页排序SQL语句如下(已手动调整了格式):
SELECT Tbl_Product.ID ,
Tbl_Product.ProductId ,
Tbl_Product.ProductName
FROM ( SELECT TOP 25
[_RowNum_] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY ProductName ASC, ID DESC ) ,
ID
FROM Tbl_Product
WHERE IsDeleted = 0
) AS [_TempTable_]
INNER JOIN Tbl_Product ON [_TempTable_].ID = Tbl_Product.ID
WHERE [_RowNum_] > 20
ORDER BY [_TempTable_].[_RowNum_] ASC
查询的字段列表,去掉了不关心的字段(这里为IsDeleted,因为条件里面IsDeleted=0,查出来的产品都是没被删除的);
排序依据,在调用该方法时,应尽量确保排序的依据可以唯一确定记录在结果集中的位置(这里添加了辅助排序依据,ID DESC,如果产品重名,添加的晚的排在前面);
性能优化的一点儿建议:如果字段的值是计算出来的,如:总价=单价*数量,而此时需要总价大于多少的记录,还得拿总价递增或者递减排序,如果不要临时表,数据量大的时候,就等着买新电脑吧!你问我为什么要买新电脑,哦,因为你会把现在的电脑砸掉!O(∩_∩)O~
另外一点儿建议,使用ROW_NUMBER时,切记一定要和“TOP n”一起使用,n等于int.MaxValue都比不加“TOP n”时要快。
复制代码 代码如下:
/// <summary>
/// 单表(视图)获取分页SQL语句
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName">表名或视图名</param>
/// <param name="key">唯一键</param>
/// <param name="fields">获取的字段</param>
/// <param name="condition">查询条件(不包含WHERE)</param>
/// <param name="collatingSequence">排序规则(不包含ORDER BY)</param>
/// <param name="pageSize">页大小</param>
/// <param name="pageIndex">页码(从1开始)</param>
/// <returns>分页SQL语句</returns>
public static string GetPagingSQL(
string tableName,
string key,
string fields,
string condition,
string collatingSequence,
int pageSize,
int pageIndex)
{
string whereClause = string.Empty;
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(condition))
{
whereClause = string.Format("WHERE {0}", condition);
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(collatingSequence))
{
collatingSequence = string.Format("{0} ASC", key);
}
StringBuilder sbSql = new StringBuilder();
sbSql.AppendFormat("SELECT {0} ", PrependTableName(tableName, fields, ','));
sbSql.AppendFormat("FROM ( SELECT TOP {0} ", pageSize * pageIndex);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" [_RowNum_] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY {0} ), ", collatingSequence);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" {0} ", key);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" FROM {0} ", tableName);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" {0} ", whereClause);
sbSql.AppendFormat(" ) AS [_TempTable_] ");
sbSql.AppendFormat(" INNER JOIN {0} ON [_TempTable_].{1} = {0}.{1} ", tableName, key);
sbSql.AppendFormat("WHERE [_RowNum_] > {0} ", pageSize * (pageIndex - 1));
sbSql.AppendFormat("ORDER BY [_TempTable_].[_RowNum_] ASC ");
return sbSql.ToString();
}
/// <summary>
/// 给字段添加表名前缀
/// </summary>
/// <param name="tableName">表名</param>
/// <param name="fields">字段</param>
/// <param name="separator">标识字段间的分隔符</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public static string PrependTableName(string tableName, string fields, char separator)
{
StringBuilder sbFields = new StringBuilder();
string[] fieldArr = fields.Trim(separator).Split(separator);
foreach (string str in fieldArr)
{
sbFields.AppendFormat("{0}.{1}{2}", tableName, str.Trim(), separator);
}
return sbFields.ToString().TrimEnd(separator);
}
假设有如下产品表:
复制代码 代码如下:
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Tbl_Product]
(
[ID] [int] IDENTITY(1, 1)
NOT NULL ,
[ProductId] [varchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[ProductName] [nvarchar](50) NOT NULL ,
[IsDeleted] [int] NOT NULL
CONSTRAINT [DF_Tbl_Product_IsDeleted] DEFAULT ( (0) ) ,
CONSTRAINT [PK_Tbl_Product] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED ( [ProductId] ASC )
WITH ( PAD_INDEX = OFF, STATISTICS_NORECOMPUTE = OFF,
IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF, ALLOW_ROW_LOCKS = ON,
ALLOW_PAGE_LOCKS = ON ) ON [PRIMARY]
)
ON [PRIMARY]
Tbl_Product->ID(序号,非空,自增)
Tbl_Product->ProductId(产品Id,主键)
Tbl_Product->ProductName(产品名称,非空)
Tbl_Product->IsDeleted(虚拟删除标记,非空)
调用BasicFunction.GetPagingSQL("Tbl_Product", "ID", "ID,ProductId,ProductName", "IsDeleted=0", "ProductName ASC, ID DESC", 5, 5),BasicFunction为分页排序方法所在的静态类,生成的分页排序SQL语句如下(已手动调整了格式):
复制代码 代码如下:
SELECT Tbl_Product.ID ,
Tbl_Product.ProductId ,
Tbl_Product.ProductName
FROM ( SELECT TOP 25
[_RowNum_] = ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( ORDER BY ProductName ASC, ID DESC ) ,
ID
FROM Tbl_Product
WHERE IsDeleted = 0
) AS [_TempTable_]
INNER JOIN Tbl_Product ON [_TempTable_].ID = Tbl_Product.ID
WHERE [_RowNum_] > 20
ORDER BY [_TempTable_].[_RowNum_] ASC
查询的字段列表,去掉了不关心的字段(这里为IsDeleted,因为条件里面IsDeleted=0,查出来的产品都是没被删除的);
排序依据,在调用该方法时,应尽量确保排序的依据可以唯一确定记录在结果集中的位置(这里添加了辅助排序依据,ID DESC,如果产品重名,添加的晚的排在前面);
性能优化的一点儿建议:如果字段的值是计算出来的,如:总价=单价*数量,而此时需要总价大于多少的记录,还得拿总价递增或者递减排序,如果不要临时表,数据量大的时候,就等着买新电脑吧!你问我为什么要买新电脑,哦,因为你会把现在的电脑砸掉!O(∩_∩)O~
另外一点儿建议,使用ROW_NUMBER时,切记一定要和“TOP n”一起使用,n等于int.MaxValue都比不加“TOP n”时要快。
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