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C#教程之小工具：天气查询
开发一个天气查询的工具主要由两步构成，一是数据的获取，二是数据的展示。
一、数据获取
数据获取又可以分为使用其它公司提供的API和手动抓取其它网站数据。
1. 某公司提供的API
可以从阿里云的云市场中查找，可以找到免费的API，并且提供不同语言的示例，实在不会还可以向客服咨询...
回想当初使用A公司提供的API，使用B公司的APPCODE，还理直气壮的去问A的客服“我照你们示例写的为什么还调用失败”？？？
2.其它网站数据抓取
抓取数据源网站为中央气象台(http://www.nmc.gov.cn)。利用抓包工具，分析得出获取实时天气需要用到以下几个接口（以查询天津天气为例）：
1）省及直辖市信息(http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province)
GET http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province HTTP/1.1
Host: www.nmc.gov.cn
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://www.nmc.gov.cn/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Cookie:UM_distinctid=1608c818855d7-08ea6f54050ee3-4c322e7d-100200-1608c818856e4; CNZZDATA1254743953=65764743-1514184268-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1514184060; followcity=54511%2C58367%2C59493%2C57516%2C58321%2C57679%2C58847%2C59287%2C58238
DNT: 1
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
返回内容为：
[
{
"code": "ABJ",
"name": "北京市",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ABJ.html"
},
{
"code": "ATJ",
"name": "天津市",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ.html"
},
{
"code": "AHE",
"name": "河北省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AHE.html"
},
{
"code": "ASX",
"name": "山西省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ASX.html"
},
{
"code": "ANM",
"name": "内蒙古自治区",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ANM.html"
},
{
"code": "ALN",
"name": "辽宁省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ALN.html"
},
{
"code": "AJL",
"name": "吉林省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AJL.html"
},
{
"code": "AHL",
"name": "黑龙江省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AHL.html"
},
{
"code": "ASH",
"name": "上海市",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ASH.html"
},
{
"code": "AJS",
"name": "江苏省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AJS.html"
},
{
"code": "AZJ",
"name": "浙江省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AZJ.html"
},
{
"code": "AAH",
"name": "安徽省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AAH.html"
},
{
"code": "AFJ",
"name": "福建省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AFJ.html"
},
{
"code": "AJX",
"name": "江西省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AJX.html"
},
{
"code": "ASD",
"name": "山东省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ASD.html"
},
{
"code": "AHA",
"name": "河南省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AHA.html"
},
{
"code": "AHB",
"name": "湖北省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AHB.html"
},
{
"code": "AHN",
"name": "湖南省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AHN.html"
},
{
"code": "AGD",
"name": "广东省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AGD.html"
},
{
"code": "AGX",
"name": "广西壮族自治区",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AGX.html"
},
{
"code": "AHI",
"name": "海南省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AHI.html"
},
{
"code": "ACQ",
"name": "重庆市",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ACQ.html"
},
{
"code": "ASC",
"name": "四川省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ASC.html"
},
{
"code": "AGZ",
"name": "贵州省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AGZ.html"
},
{
"code": "AYN",
"name": "云南省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AYN.html"
},
{
"code": "AXZ",
"name": "西藏自治区",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AXZ.html"
},
{
"code": "ASN",
"name": "陕西省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ASN.html"
},
{
"code": "AGS",
"name": "甘肃省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AGS.html"
},
{
"code": "AQH",
"name": "青海省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AQH.html"
},
{
"code": "ANX",
"name": "宁夏回族自治区",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ANX.html"
},
{
"code": "AXJ",
"name": "新疆维吾尔自治区",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AXJ.html"
},
{
"code": "AXG",
"name": "香港特别行政区",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AXG.html"
},
{
"code": "AAM",
"name": "澳门特别行政区",
"url": "/publish/forecast/AAM.html"
},
{
"code": "ATW",
"name": "台湾省",
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATW.html"
}
]
2）区县信息(http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province/ATJ)
//根据所选省或直辖市生成区县信息查询接口
GET http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province/ATJ HTTP/1.1
Host: www.nmc.gov.cn
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://www.nmc.gov.cn/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Cookie:UM_distinctid=1608c818855d7-08ea6f54050ee3-4c322e7d-100200-1608c818856e4; CNZZDATA1254743953=65764743-1514184268-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1514184060; followcity=54511%2C58367%2C59493%2C57516%2C58321%2C57679%2C58847%2C59287%2C58238
DNT: 1
Connection: keep-alive
Cache-Control: max-age=0
返回内容为：
[
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/xi-qing.html",
"code": "54527",
"city": "西青",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/bin-hai-xin-qu.html",
"code": "54623",
"city": "滨海新区",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/bao-di.html",
"code": "54525",
"city": "宝坻",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/bei-chen.html",
"code": "54528",
"city": "北辰",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/da-gang.html",
"code": "54645",
"city": "大港",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/dong-li.html",
"code": "54526",
"city": "东丽",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/han-gu.html",
"code": "54530",
"city": "汉沽",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/ji-xian.html",
"code": "54428",
"city": "蓟县",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/jin-nan.html",
"code": "54622",
"city": "津南",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/jing-hai.html",
"code": "54619",
"city": "静海",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/ning-he.html",
"code": "54529",
"city": "宁河",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html",
"code": "54517",
"city": "天津",
"province": "天津市"
},
{
"url": "/publish/forecast/ATJ/wu-qing.html",
"code": "54523",
"city": "武清",
"province": "天津市"
}
]
3)某城市当前天气查询（http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/real/54517）
GET http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/real/54517?_=1514185989171 HTTP/1.1
Host: www.nmc.gov.cn
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:57.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/57.0
Accept: application/json, text/javascript, */*; q=0.01
Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;q=0.7,zh-HK;q=0.5,en-US;q=0.3,en;q=0.2
Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate
Referer: http://www.nmc.gov.cn/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html
X-Requested-With: XMLHttpRequest
Cookie:UM_distinctid=1608c818855d7-08ea6f54050ee3-4c322e7d-100200-1608c818856e4; CNZZDATA1254743953=65764743-1514184268-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1514184060; followcity=54511%2C58367%2C59493%2C57516%2C58321%2C57679%2C58847%2C59287%2C58238
DNT: 1
Connection: keep-alive
返回内容为：
{
"station":
{
"url":"/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html",
"code":"54517",
"city":"天津",
"province":"天津市"
},
"publish_time":"2017-12-25 15:05",
"weather":
{
"temperature":5.4, //气温 ℃
"airpressure":1023.0, //气压
"humidity":15.0, //湿度 %
"rain":0.0, //降水量 mm
"rcomfort":43,
"icomfort":-2,
"info":"晴",
"img":"0",
"feelst":6.7//体感温度 ℃
},
"wind":
{
"direct":"西南风",
"power":"微风",
"speed":2.8 m/s
},
"warn":
{
"alert":"2017年12月25日14时天津市发布海上大风蓝色预警",
"pic":"http://image.nmc.cn/static/site/nmc/themes/basic/alarm/p.png",
"province":"天津市",
"city":"9999",
"url":"/f/alarm/12000041600000_20171225145105.html",
"issuecontent":"天津海洋中心气象台于2017年12月25日14时43分发布海上大风蓝色预警信号：预计今天后半夜到明天白天，渤海西部中部海面将有东到东北风7级，阵风8级，请有关单位和人员作好防范准备。",
"fmeans":"9999"
}
}
接口分析完毕，接下来就是利用代码获取数据的过程，以获取省及直辖市数据为例，代码如下所示：
/// <summary> /// 获取省及直辖市 /// </summary> public List<ProvinceModel> GetProvinceData(ref string errorMsg) { string strResult = string.Empty; try { #region HttpWebRequest HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create("http://www.nmc.gov.cn/f/rest/province"); string cookie = "UM_distinctid=1608c818855d7-08ea6f54050ee3-4c322e7d-100200-1608c818856e4; CNZZDATA1254743953=65764743-1514184268-https%253A%252F%252Fwww.baidu.com%252F%7C1514184060; followcity=54511%2C58367%2C59493%2C57516%2C58321%2C57679%2C58847%2C59287%2C58238"; string referer = "http://www.nmc.gov.cn/publish/forecast/ATJ/tian-jin.html"; HttpWebRequestHelper.HttpWebRequestConfig(request, cookie, referer); #endregion using (WebResponse response = request.GetResponse()) { Stream respStream = response.GetResponseStream(); bool isNeedDeCompress = response.Headers.ToString().Contains("Content-Encoding: gzip"); if (isNeedDeCompress) respStream = new GZipStream(respStream, CompressionMode.Decompress); StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(respStream, Encoding.UTF8); strResult = reader.ReadToEnd(); List<ProvinceModel> lstModel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<List<ProvinceModel>>(strResult); response.Close(); return lstModel; } } catch (Exception ex) { errorMsg = ex.Message; } return null; } //其中HttpWebRequestHelper.HttpWebRequestConfig()是对请求头的一些设置。
二、数据展示
数据得到之后，先是模仿原网站的样式用WPF简单的实现了一版，运行图如下：
最近工作不忙，感觉好久没搞WebForm，所以就又简单的做了下面这个：
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