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  • C#教程之坐标系间的转换

一、各大坐标系

　　目前地图开发离不开定位，定位又离不开坐标系的选取和转换，所以有必要简单说一下啦。

世界大地坐标（WGS84）

　　1.国际上采用的标准，是为GPS全球定位系统使用而建立的坐标系统，可从专业GPS设备中获取数据。

　　2.国际地图使用的坐标系。

       3.谷歌国外地图、osm地图

火星坐标（GCJ-02）

　　1.中国采用的标准，准确是叫国测局坐标系，可从国行移动设备定位获得数据

　　2.国内出版的各类地图都至少采用GCJ-02对地理位置进行加密偏移

　　3.高德地图、天地图、搜搜地图等

百度坐标（BD-09）

　　1.百度地图自己采用的坐标标准。

　　2.百度坐标是在GCJ-02的基础上再次加密

　　3.百度地图

二、各大坐标系间的转换

通用实体 

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 1     /// <summary>
 2     /// 经度和纬度
 3     /// </summary>
 4     public class StationGps
 5     {
 6         /// <summary>
 7         /// 经度
 8         /// </summary>
 9         public double longitude { get; set; }
10         /// <summary>
11         /// 纬度
12         /// </summary>
13         public double latitude { get; set; }
14     }
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1、火星坐标转百度

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 1        private static double x_pi = 3.14159265358979324 * 3000.0 / 180.0;
 2 
 3         public static StationGps HxToBd(double lon, double lat)
 4         {
 5             var result = new StationGps();
 6             double x = lon, y = lat;
 7             var z = Math.Sqrt(x * x + y * y) + 0.00002 * Math.Sin(y * x_pi);
 8             var theta = Math.Atan2(y, x) + 0.000003 * Math.Cos(x * x_pi);
 9             result.longitude = z * Math.Cos(theta) + 0.0065;
10             result.latitude = z * Math.Sin(theta) + 0.006;
11             return result;
12         }
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2、百度转火星坐标

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 1         private static double x_pi = 3.14159265358979324 * 3000.0 / 180.0;
 2           
 3         public static StationGps BdToHx(double lon, double lat)
 4         {
 5             var result = new StationGps();
 6             double x = lon - 0.0065, y = lat - 0.006;
 7             var z = Math.Sqrt(x * x + y * y) - 0.00002 * Math.Sin(y * x_pi);
 8             var theta = Math.Atan2(y, x) - 0.000003 * Math.Cos(x * x_pi);
 9             result.longitude = z * Math.Cos(theta);
10             result.latitude = z * Math.Sin(theta);
11             return result;
12         }
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3、世界大地坐标转火星坐标

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 1         private static double pi = 3.14159265358979324;
 2         private static double a = 6378245.0;
 3         private static double ee = 0.00669342162296594323; 
 4 
 5         public static StationGps WgsToHx(double lon, double lat)
 6         {
 7             var result = new StationGps();
 8             double dLat = TransformLat(lat - 35.0, lon - 105.0);
 9             double dLon = TransformLon(lat - 35.0, lon - 105.0);
10             double radLat = lat / 180.0 * pi;
11             double magic = Math.Sin(radLat);
12             magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic;
13             var sqrtMagic = Math.Sqrt(magic);
14             dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * pi);
15             dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * Math.Cos(radLat) * pi);
16             result.latitude = lat + dLat;
17             result.longitude = lon + dLon;
18             return result;
19         }
20 
21         private static double TransformLat(double lon, double lat)
22         {
23             var ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * lat + 3.0 * lon + 0.2 * lon * lon + 0.1 * lat * lon + 0.2 * Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(lat));
24             ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(6.0 * lat * pi) + 20.0 * Math.Sin(2.0 * lat * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
25             ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(lon * pi) + 40.0 * Math.Sin(lon / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
26             ret += (160.0 * Math.Sin(lon / 12.0 * pi) + 320 * Math.Sin(lon * pi / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
27             return ret;
28         }
29         private static double TransformLon(double lon, double lat)
30         {
31             var ret = 300.0 + lat + 2.0 * lon + 0.1 * lat * lat + 0.1 * lat * lon + 0.1 * Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(lat));
32             ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(6.0 * lat * pi) + 20.0 * Math.Sin(2.0 * lat * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
33             ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(lat * pi) + 40.0 * Math.Sin(lat / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
34             ret += (150.0 * Math.Sin(lat / 12.0 * pi) + 300.0 * Math.Sin(lat / 30.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
35             return ret;
36         }
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4、世界大地坐标转为百度坐标

复制代码
 1         private static double pi = 3.14159265358979324;
 2         private static double a = 6378245.0;
 3         private static double ee = 0.00669342162296594323;
 4         private static double x_pi = 3.14159265358979324 * 3000.0 / 180.0; 
 5 
 6         public static StationGps WgsToBd(double lon, double lat)
 7         {
 8             var hx = WgsToHx(lon, lat);
 9             var bd = HxToBd(hx.longitude, hx.latitude);
10             return bd;
11         }
12 
13         public static StationGps HxToBd(double lon, double lat)
14         {
15             var result = new StationGps();
16             double x = lon, y = lat;
17             var z = Math.Sqrt(x * x + y * y) + 0.00002 * Math.Sin(y * x_pi);
18             var theta = Math.Atan2(y, x) + 0.000003 * Math.Cos(x * x_pi);
19             result.longitude = z * Math.Cos(theta) + 0.0065;
20             result.latitude = z * Math.Sin(theta) + 0.006;
21             return result;
22         } 
23 
24         public static StationGps WgsToHx(double lon, double lat)
25         {
26             var result = new StationGps();
27             double dLat = TransformLat(lat - 35.0, lon - 105.0);
28             double dLon = TransformLon(lat - 35.0, lon - 105.0);
29             double radLat = lat / 180.0 * pi;
30             double magic = Math.Sin(radLat);
31             magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic;
32             var sqrtMagic = Math.Sqrt(magic);
33             dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * pi);
34             dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * Math.Cos(radLat) * pi);
35             result.latitude = lat + dLat;
36             result.longitude = lon + dLon;
37             return result;
38         }
39 
40         private static double TransformLat(double lon, double lat)
41         {
42             var ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * lat + 3.0 * lon + 0.2 * lon * lon + 0.1 * lat * lon + 0.2 * Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(lat));
43             ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(6.0 * lat * pi) + 20.0 * Math.Sin(2.0 * lat * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
44             ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(lon * pi) + 40.0 * Math.Sin(lon / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
45             ret += (160.0 * Math.Sin(lon / 12.0 * pi) + 320 * Math.Sin(lon * pi / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
46             return ret;
47         }
48 
49         private static double TransformLon(double lon, double lat)
50         {
51             var ret = 300.0 + lat + 2.0 * lon + 0.1 * lat * lat + 0.1 * lat * lon + 0.1 * Math.Sqrt(Math.Abs(lat));
52             ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(6.0 * lat * pi) + 20.0 * Math.Sin(2.0 * lat * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
53             ret += (20.0 * Math.Sin(lat * pi) + 40.0 * Math.Sin(lat / 3.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
54             ret += (150.0 * Math.Sin(lat / 12.0 * pi) + 300.0 * Math.Sin(lat / 30.0 * pi)) * 2.0 / 3.0;
55             return ret;
56         }
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