本篇主要写一些shell脚本的基础知识，编程规范。

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第一个shell脚本#

[root@localhost ~]# vim first.sh

#!/bin/bash # This is first Shell Script ! cd /boot/ echo "当前所在路径：" pwd echo "以vml为开头的文件信息：" ls -lh vml*

执行脚本#

source#

[root@localhost ~]# source first.sh 当前所在路径： /boot 以vml为开头的文件信息： -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M Sep 4 14:02 vmlinuz-0-rescue-ec132d04a74d4b7e828b3905a6b83437 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M Aug 23 2017 vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost boot]#

.#

[root@localhost ~]# . first.sh 当前所在路径： /boot 以vml为开头的文件信息： -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M Sep 4 14:02 vmlinuz-0-rescue-ec132d04a74d4b7e828b3905a6b83437 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M Aug 23 2017 vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost boot]#

sh#

[root@localhost ~]# sh first.sh 当前所在路径： /boot 以vml为开头的文件信息： -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M Sep 4 14:02 vmlinuz-0-rescue-ec132d04a74d4b7e828b3905a6b83437 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M Aug 23 2017 vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64 [root@localhost ~]#

./#

[root@localhost ~]# ./first.sh bash: ./first.sh: Permission denied [root@localhost ~]# ls -lh first.sh -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 139 Sep 23 22:04 first.sh [root@localhost ~]# chmod +x first.sh [root@localhost ~]# ls -lh first.sh -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 139 Sep 23 22:04 first.sh [root@localhost ~]# ./first.sh 当前所在路径： /boot 以vml为开头的文件信息： -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M Sep 4 14:02 vmlinuz-0-rescue-ec132d04a74d4b7e828b3905a6b83437 -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 5.7M Aug 23 2017 vmlinuz-3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64

符号使用#

管道符 和 awk#

[root@localhost ~]# grep "/bin/bash$" /etc/passwd | awk -F: '{print $1,$7}' root /bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# grep "/bin/bash$" /etc/passwd | awk -F":" '{print $1,$7}' root /bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# df -hT | grep "/$" | awk '{print $1,$6}' /dev/sda2 21%

[root@localhost ~]# df -hT | grep "/$" | awk -F" " '{print $1,$6}' /dev/sda2 21%

重定向输出#

[root@localhost ~]# echo "123" > test.txt [root@localhost ~]# cat test.txt 123

[root@localhost ~]# echo "456" >> test.txt [root@localhost ~]# cat test.txt 123 456

重定向输入#

[root@localhost ~]# rm test.txt rm: remove regular file ‘test.txt’? ^C

[root@localhost ~]# echo "y" > temp.txt [root@localhost ~]# ls te* temp.txt test.txt

[root@localhost ~]# rm test.txt < temp.txt rm: remove regular file ‘test.txt’? [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# ls te* temp.txt

错误重定向#

• 混合输出

[root@localhost ~]# tar zcvf opt.tar.gz /opt/ &> error.log [root@localhost ~]# cat error.log tar: Removing leading `/' from member names /opt/ /opt/rh/

• 标准错误输出

[root@localhost ~]# tar zcvf opt.tar.gz /opt/ 2> error.log /opt/ /opt/rh/ [root@localhost ~]# cat error.log tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

[root@localhost ~]# tar zcvf opt.tar.gz /opt/ 2>> error.log /opt/ /opt/rh/ [root@localhost ~]# cat error.log tar: Removing leading `/' from member names tar: Removing leading `/' from member names

变量#

定义、查看变量#

[root@localhost ~]# Product=java [root@localhost ~]# Version=1.8 [root@localhost ~]# echo $Product java [root@localhost ~]# echo $Product $Version java 1.8

大括号#

[root@localhost ~]# echo $Product1.8 .8 [root@localhost ~]# echo ${Product}1.8 java1.8

引号#

[root@localhost ~]# echo "java $Version" java 1.8 [root@localhost ~]# echo 'java $Version' java $Version

反撇号#

[root@localhost ~]# which cat /usr/bin/cat [root@localhost ~]# ls -lh /usr/bin/cat -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53K Nov 6 2016 /usr/bin/cat [root@localhost ~]# ls -lh `which cat` -rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 53K Nov 6 2016 /usr/bin/cat

read#

[root@localhost ~]# read -p "请输入一个整数：" num 请输入一个整数：10 [root@localhost ~]# echo $num 10

变量作用范围#

• 设置局部变量为全局变量

[root@localhost ~]# echo $Product $Version java 1.8 [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@localhost ~]# echo $Product $Version [root@localhost ~]# exit [root@localhost ~]# export Product Version [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@localhost ~]# echo $Product $Version java 1.8

• 直接定义全局变量

[root@localhost ~]# export num=100 [root@localhost ~]# echo $num 100 [root@localhost ~]# bash [root@localhost ~]# echo $num 100

数值变量的运算#

[root@localhost ~]# num1=8 [root@localhost ~]# num2=5 [root@localhost ~]# expr $num1 + $num2 13 [root@localhost ~]# expr $num1 - $num2 3 [root@localhost ~]# expr $num1 \* $num2 40 [root@localhost ~]# expr $num1 / $num2 1 [root@localhost ~]# expr $num1 % $num2 3

• Demo

[root@localhost ~]# vim suanshu.sh

#!/bin/bash read -p "请输入第1个数字：" num1 read -p "请输入第2个数字：" num2 result1=`expr $num1 + $num2` result2=`expr $num1 - $num2` result3=`expr $num1 \* $num2` result4=`expr $num1 / $num2` result5=`expr $num1 % $num2` echo "加法：$num1 + $num2 = $result1" echo "减法：$num1 - $num2 = $result2" echo "乘法：$num1 * $num2 = $result3" echo "除法：$num1 / $num2 = $result4" echo "取余：$num1 % $num2 = $result5"

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x suanshu.sh [root@localhost ~]# ./suanshu.sh 请输入第1个数字：8 请输入第2个数字：5 加法：8 + 5 = 13 减法：8 - 5 = 3 乘法：8 * 5 = 40 除法：8 / 5 = 1 取余：8 % 5 = 3

特殊变量#

环境变量#

[root@localhost ~]# env

位置变量#

[root@localhost ~]# vim suanshu.sh

#!/bin/bash echo "第一个位置变量值为：$1" echo "第二个位置变量值为：$2" result1=`expr $1 + $2` result2=`expr $1 - $2` result3=`expr $1 \* $2` result4=`expr $1 / $2` result5=`expr $1 % $2` echo "加法：$1 + $2 = $result1" echo "减法：$1 - $2 = $result2" echo "乘法：$1 * $2 = $result3" echo "除法：$1 / $2 = $result4" echo "取余：$1 % $2 = $result5"

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x suanshu.sh [root@localhost ~]# ./suanshu.sh 8 5 第一个位置变量值为：8 第二个位置变量值为：5 加法：8 + 5 = 13 减法：8 - 5 = 3 乘法：8 * 5 = 40 除法：8 / 5 = 1 取余：8 % 5 = 3

预定义变量#

[root@localhost ~]# vim suanshu.sh

#!/bin/bash echo "第一个位置变量值为：$1" echo "第二个位置变量值为：$2" result1=`expr $1 + $2` result2=`expr $1 - $2` result3=`expr $1 \* $2` result4=`expr $1 / $2` result5=`expr $1 % $2` echo "加法：$1 + $2 = $result1" echo "减法：$1 - $2 = $result2" echo "乘法：$1 * $2 = $result3" echo "除法：$1 / $2 = $result4" echo "取余：$1 % $2 = $result5" echo "执行的脚本名称：$0" echo "执行的参数个数：$#" echo "执行的参数内容：$*"

[root@localhost ~]# chmod +x suanshu.sh [root@localhost ~]# ./suanshu.sh 8 5 第一个位置变量值为：8 第二个位置变量值为：5 加法：8 + 5 = 13 减法：8 - 5 = 3 乘法：8 * 5 = 40 除法：8 / 5 = 1 取余：8 % 5 = 3 执行的脚本名称：./suanshu.sh 执行的参数个数：2 执行的参数内容：8 5 [root@localhost ~]# echo $? 0