numbers = [2, 4, 6, 8, 1]

for number in numbers:
    if number % 2 == 1:
        print(number)
        break
else:
    print("No odd numbers")

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
one, two, three, four, five = my_list

import heapq
scores = [51, 33, 64, 87, 91, 75, 15, 49, 33, 82]
print(heapq.nlargest(3, scores))  # [91, 87, 82]
print(heapq.nsmallest(5, scores))  # [15, 33, 33, 49, 51]

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]

print(my_list)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]
print(*my_list)  # 1 2 3 4

def sum_of_elements(*arg):
    total = 0
    for i in arg:
        total += i

    return total

result = sum_of_elements(*[1, 2, 3, 4])
print(result)  # 10

# 兄弟们学习python，有时候不知道怎么学，从哪里开始学。掌握了基本的一些语法或者做了两个案例后，不知道下一步怎么走，不知道如何去学习更加高深的知识。
# 那么对于这些小伙伴们，我准备了大量的免费视频，PDF电子书籍，以及源代码！
# 直接在这个Q君羊 872937351 自取就好了 

_, *elements_in_the_middle, _ = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]
print(elements_in_the_middle)  # [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

one, two, three, four = 1, 2, 3, 4

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
squared_numbers = [num * num for num in numbers]
print(squared_numbers) # [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

dictionary = {'a': 4, 'b': 5}
squared_dictionary = {key: num * num for (key, num) in dictionary.items()}
print(squared_dictionary)  # {'a': 16, 'b': 25}

from enum import Enum

class Status(Enum):
    NO_STATUS = -1
    NOT_STARTED = 0
    IN_PROGRESS = 1
    COMPLETED = 2

print(Status.IN_PROGRESS.name)  # IN_PROGRESS
print(Status.COMPLETED.value)  # 2

name = "Banana"
print(name * 4)  # BananaBananaBananaBanana

1 < x < 10

x = 3

print(1 < x < 10)  # True
print(1 < x and x < 10)  # True

first_dictionary = {'name': 'Fan', 'location': 'Guangzhou'}
second_dictionary = {'name': 'Fan', 'surname': 'Xiao', 'location': 'Guangdong, Guangzhou'}

result = first_dictionary | second_dictionary

print(result)
# {'name': 'Fan', 'location': 'Guangdong, Guangzhou', 'surname': 'Xiao'}

books = ('Atomic habits', 'Ego is the enemy', 'Outliers', 'Mastery')
print(books.index('Mastery'))   # 3

input = "[1,2,3]"

import ast

def string_to_list(string):
    return ast.literal_eval(string)

string = "[1, 2, 3]"
my_list = string_to_list(string)
print(my_list)  # [1, 2, 3]
string = "[[1, 2, 3],[4, 5, 6]]"
my_list = string_to_list(string)
print(my_list)  # [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]]

def subtract(a, b):
    return a - b
print((subtract(1, 3)))  # -2
print((subtract(3, 1)))  # 2

def subtract(a, b):
    return a - b

print((subtract(a=1, b=3)))  # -2
print((subtract(b=3, a=1)))  # -2

print(1, 2, 3, "a", "z", "this is here", "here is something else")

print("Hello", end="")
print("World")  # HelloWorld
print("Hello", end=" ")
print("World")  # Hello World
print('words',   'with', 'commas', 'in', 'between', sep=', ')
# words, with, commas, in, between

print("29", "01", "2022", sep="/")  # 29/01/2022

print("name", "domain.com", sep="@")  # name@domain.com

four_letters = "abcd" # this works
4_letters = "abcd" # this doesn’t work

+variable = "abcd"  # this doesn’t work

number = 0110 # this doesn't work

a______b = "abcd"  # this works
_a_b_c_d = "abcd"  # this also works

print(1_000_000_000)  # 1000000000
print(1_234_567)  # 1234567

my_list = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
my_list.reverse()
print(my_list)  # ['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']

my_string = "This is just a sentence"
print(my_string[0:5])  # This
# Take three steps forward
print(my_string[0:10:3])  # Tsse

my_string = "This is just a sentence"
print(my_string[10:0:-1])  # suj si sih

# Take two steps forward
print(my_string[10:0:-2])  # sjs i

my_string = "This is just a sentence"
print(my_string[4:])  # is just a sentence

print(my_string[:3])  # Thi

print(3/2)  # 1.5
print(3//2)  # 1

first_list = [1, 2, 3]
second_list = [1, 2, 3]
# 比较两个值
print(first_list == second_list)  # True
# 是否指向同一内存
print(first_list is second_list)  
# False
third_list = first_list
print(third_list is first_list)  
# True

dictionary_one = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
dictionary_two = {"c": 3, "d": 4}

merged = {**dictionary_one, **dictionary_two}

print(merged)  # {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3, 'd': 4}

first = "abc"
second = "def"

print(first < second)  # True

second = "ab"
print(first < second)  # False

my_string = "abcdef"
print(my_string.startswith("b"))  # False

print(id(1))  # 4325776624
print(id(2))  # 4325776656
print(id("string"))  # 4327978288

number = 1
print(id(number))  # 4325215472
print(id(1))  # 4325215472

number = 3
print(id(number))  # 4325215536
print(id(1))  # 4325215472

name = "Fatos"
print(id(name))  # 4422282544

name = "fatos"
print(id(name))  # 4422346608

cities = ["Beijing", "Guangzhou", "chengdu"]
print(id(cities))  # 4482699712

cities.append("Beijing")
print(id(cities))  # 4482699712

my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4}
print(id(my_set))  # 4352726176

my_set.add(5)
print(id(my_set))  # 4352726176

my_set = frozenset(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'])

my_set.add("a")

def check_number(number):
    if number > 0:
        return "Positive"
    elif number == 0:
        return "Zero"

    return "Negative"

print(check_number(1))  # Positive

def check_if_anagram(first_word, second_word):
    first_word = first_word.lower()
    second_word = second_word.lower()
    return sorted(first_word) == sorted(second_word)

print(check_if_anagram("testinG", "Testing"))  # True
print(check_if_anagram("Here", "Rehe"))  # True
print(check_if_anagram("Know", "Now"))  # False

print(ord("A"))  # 65
print(ord("B"))  # 66
print(ord("C"))  # 66
print(ord("a"))  # 97

dictionary = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}

keys = dictionary.keys()
print(list(keys))  # ['a', 'b', 'c']

dictionary = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}

values = dictionary.values()
print(list(values))  # [1, 2, 3]

dictionary = {"a": 1, "b": 2, "c": 3}

reversed_dictionary = {j: i for i, j in dictionary.items()}
print(reversed)  # {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c'}

print(int(False))  # 0
print(float(True))  # 1.0

x = 10
y = 12
result = (x - False)/(y * True)
print(result)  # 0.833333333333333

print(bool(.0))  # False
print(bool(3))  # True
print(bool("-"))  # True
print(bool("string"))  # True
print(bool(" "))  # True

print(complex(10, 2))  # (10+2j)

print(hex(11))  # 0xb

my_list = [3, 4, 5]
my_list.append(6)
my_list.insert(0, 2)
print(my_list)  # [2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

comparison = lambda x: if x > 3:
                    print("x > 3")
                else:
                    print("x is not greater than 3")

comparison = lambda x: "x > 3" if x > 3

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]

odd = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 1, my_list)

print(list(odd))   # [1, 3]
print(my_list)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]

squared = map(lambda x: x ** 2, my_list)

print(list(squared))   # [1, 4, 9, 16]
print(my_list)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]

for number in range(1, 10, 3):
    print(number, end=" ")
# 1 4 7

def range_with_zero(number):
    for i in range(0, number):
        print(i, end=' ')

def range_with_no_zero(number):
    for i in range(number):
        print(i, end=' ')

range_with_zero(3)  # 0 1 2
range_with_no_zero(3)  # 0 1 2

def get_element_with_comparison(my_list):
    if len(my_list) > 0:
        return my_list[0]

def get_first_element(my_list):
    if len(my_list):
        return my_list[0]


elements = [1, 2, 3, 4]
first_result = get_element_with_comparison(elements)
second_result = get_element_with_comparison(elements)

print(first_result == second_result)  # True

def get_address():
    return "First address"

def get_address():
    return "Second address"

def get_address():
    return "Third address"

print(get_address())  # Third address

class Engineer:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
        self.__starting_salary = 62000


dain = Engineer('Dain')
print(dain._Engineer__starting_salary)  # 62000

import sys
print(sys.getsizeof("bitcoin"))  # 56

def get_sum(*arguments):
    result = 0
    for i in arguments:
        result += i
    return result

print(get_sum(1, 2, 3))  # 6
print(get_sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5))  # 15
print(get_sum(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))  # 28

class Parent:
    def __init__(self, city, address):
        self.city = city
        self.address = address


class Child(Parent):
    def __init__(self, city, address, university):
        super().__init__(city, address)
        self.university = university


child = Child('Peking University', 'Fudan University', 'Tsinghua University')
print(child.university)  # Tsinghua University

class Parent:
    def __init__(self, city, address):
        self.city = city
        self.address = address


class Child(Parent):
    def __init__(self, city, address, university):
        Parent.__init__(self, city, address)
        self.university = university


child = Child('Peking University', 'Fudan University', 'Tsinghua University')
print(child.university)  # Tsinghua University

print(10 + 1)  # 两数相加
print('first' + 'second')  # 字符串相加

class Expenses:
    def __init__(self, rent, groceries):
        self.rent = rent
        self.groceries = groceries

    def __add__(self, other):
        return Expenses(self.rent + other.rent,
                        self.groceries + other.groceries)

april_expenses = Expenses(1000, 200)
may_expenses = Expenses(1000, 300)
total_expenses = april_expenses + may_expenses
print(total_expenses.rent)  # 2000
print(total_expenses.groceries)  # 500

class Game:
    def __init__(self, score):
        self.score = score

    def __lt__(self, other):
        return self.score < other.score

first = Game(1)
second = Game(2)
print(first < second)  # True

class Journey:
    def __init__(self, location, destination, duration):
        self.location = location
        self.destination = destination
        self.duration = duration

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return ((self.location == other.location) and
                (self.destination == other.destination) and
                (self.duration == other.duration))

first = Journey('Location A', 'Destination A', '30min')
second = Journey('Location B', 'Destination B', '30min')
print(first == second)

__sub__() for -
__mul__() for *
__truediv__() for /
__ne__() for !=
__ge__() for >=
__gt__() for >

class Rectangle:
    def __init__(self, a, b):
        self.a = a
        self.b = b

    def __repr__(self):
        return repr('Rectangle with area=' + str(self.a * self.b))


print(Rectangle(3, 4))  # 'Rectangle with area=12'

string = "This is just a sentence."
result = string.swapcase()
print(result)  # tHIS IS JUST A SENTENCE.

string = "  "
result = string.isspace()
print(result)  # True

name = "Password"
print(name.isalnum())  # True
name = "Secure Password "
print(name.isalnum())  # False
name = "S3cur3P4ssw0rd"
print(name.isalnum())  # True
name = "133"
print(name.isalnum())  # True

string = "Name"
print(string.isalpha())  # True

string = "Firstname Lastname"
print(string.isalpha())  # False

string = "P4ssw0rd"
print(string.isalpha())  # False

string = "This is a sentence with       "
print(string.rstrip())  # "This is a sentence with"

string = "this here is a sentence…..,,,,aaaaasd"
print(string.rstrip(".,dsa"))  # "this here is a sentence"

string = "ffffffffFirst"
print(string.lstrip("f"))  # First

string = "seven"
print(string.isdigit())  # False

string = "1337"
print(string.isdigit())  # True

string = "5a"
print(string.isdigit())  # False

string = "2**5"
print(string.isdigit())  # False

# 42673
string = "四二六七三"

print(string.isdigit())  # False
print(string.isnumeric())  # True

string = "This is a sentence"
print(string.istitle())  # False

string = "10 Python Tips"
print(string.istitle())  # True

string = "How to Print A String in Python"
# False
print(string.istitle())

string = "PYTHON"
print(string.istitle())  # False

numbers = (1, 2, 3, 4)

print(numbers[-1])  # 4
print(numbers[-4])  # 1

mixed_tuple = (("a"*10, 3, 4), ['first', 'second', 'third'])

print(mixed_tuple[1])  # ['first', 'second', 'third']
print(mixed_tuple[0])  # ('aaaaaaaaaa', 3, 4)

names = ["Besim", "Albert", "Besim", "Fisnik", "Meriton"]

print(names.count("Besim"))  # 2

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
slicing = slice(-4, None)
print(my_list[slicing])  # [4, 5, 6]

print(my_list[-3])  # 4

string = "Data Science"
slice_object = slice(5, None)
print(string[slice_object])   # Science

my_tuple = ('a', 1, 'f', 'a', 5, 'a')

print(my_tuple.count('a'))  # 3

my_tuple = ('a', 1, 'f', 'a', 5, 'a')

print(my_tuple.index('f'))  #  2

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

print(my_tuple[::3])  # (1, 4, 7, 10)

my_tuple = (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

print(my_tuple[3:])  # (4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10)

my_list = [1, 2, 3, 4]
my_list.clear()
print(my_list)  # []

my_set = {1, 2, 3}
my_set.clear()
print(my_set)  # set()

my_dict = {"a": 1, "b": 2}
my_dict.clear()
print(my_dict)  # {}

first_set = {4, 5, 6}
second_set = {1, 2, 3}

print(first_set.union(second_set))  # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

first_set = {4, 5, 6}
second_set = {1, 2, 3}
first_set.update(second_set)
print(first_set)  # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}

def is_positive(number):
    print("Positive" if number > 0 else "Negative")  # Positive

is_positive(-3)

math_points = 51
biology_points = 78
physics_points = 56
history_points = 72

my_conditions = [math_points > 50, biology_points > 50,
                 physics_points > 50, history_points > 50]

if all(my_conditions):
    print("Congratulations! You have passed all of the exams.")
else:
    print("I am sorry, but it seems that you have to repeat at least one exam.")
# Congratulations! You have passed all of the exams.

math_points = 40
biology_points = 78
physics_points = 56
history_points = 72

my_conditions = [math_points > 50, biology_points > 50,
                 physics_points > 50, history_points > 50]

if any(my_conditions):
    print("Congratulations! You have passed all of the exams.")
else:
    print("I am sorry, but it seems that you have to repeat at least one exam.")
# Congratulations! You have passed all of the exams.

print(bool("Non empty"))  # True
print(bool(""))  # False

print(bool([]))  # False
print(bool(set([])))  # False

print(bool({}))  # False
print(bool({"a": 1}))  # True

print(bool(False))  # False
print(bool(None))  # False
print(bool(0))  # False

string = "string"

def do_nothing():
  string = "inside a method"


do_nothing()

print(string)  # string

string = "string"

def do_nothing():
    global string
    string = "inside a method"

do_nothing()
print(string)  # inside a method

from collections import Counter
result = Counter("Banana")
print(result)  # Counter({'a': 3, 'n': 2, 'B': 1})

result = Counter([1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 1, 6])
print(result)  # Counter({1: 5, 2: 1, 3: 1, 4: 1, 5: 1, 6: 1})

from collections import Counter


def check_if_anagram(first_string, second_string):
    first_string = first_string.lower()
    second_string = second_string.lower()
    return Counter(first_string) == Counter(second_string)


print(check_if_anagram('testinG', 'Testing'))  # True
print(check_if_anagram('Here', 'Rehe'))  # True
print(check_if_anagram('Know', 'Now'))  # False

def check_if_anagram(first_word, second_word):
    first_word = first_word.lower()
    second_word = second_word.lower()
    return sorted(first_word) == sorted(second_word)


print(check_if_anagram("testinG", "Testing"))  # True
print(check_if_anagram("Here", "Rehe"))  # True
print(check_if_anagram("Know", "Now"))  # False

from itertools import count

my_vowels = ['a', 'e', 'i', 'o', 'u', 'A', 'E', 'I', 'O', 'U']

current_counter = count()

string = "This is just a sentence."

for i in string:
    if i in my_vowels:
        print(f"Current vowel: {i}")
        print(f"Number of vowels found so far: {next(current_counter)}")

Current vowel: i
Number of vowels found so far: 0
Current vowel: i
Number of vowels found so far: 1
Current vowel: u
Number of vowels found so far: 2
Current vowel: a
Number of vowels found so far: 3
Current vowel: e
Number of vowels found so far: 4
Current vowel: e
Number of vowels found so far: 5
Current vowel: e
Number of vowels found so far: 6

from collections import Counter

result = Counter([1, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 2])
print(result)  # Counter({2: 5, 1: 1, 3: 1})
print(result.most_common())  # [(2, 5), (1, 1), (3, 1)]

my_list = ['1', 1, 0, 'a', 'b', 2, 'a', 'c', 'a']

print(max(set(my_list), key=my_list.count))  # a

first_list = [[1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b', 'c']]

second_list = first_list.copy()

first_list[0][2] = 831

print(first_list)  # [[1, 2, 831], ['a', 'b', 'c']]
print(second_list)  # [[1, 2, 831], ['a', 'b', 'c']]

import copy

first_list = [[1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b', 'c']]

second_list = copy.deepcopy(first_list)

first_list[0][2] = 831

print(first_list)  # [[1, 2, 831], ['a', 'b', 'c']]
print(second_list)  # [[1, 2, 3], ['a', 'b', 'c']]

my_dictonary = {"name": "Name", "surname": "Surname"}
print(my_dictonary["age"])  

KeyError: 'age'

from collections import defaultdict

my_dictonary = defaultdict(str)
my_dictonary['name'] = "Name"
my_dictonary['surname'] = "Surname"

print(my_dictonary["age"])  

class OddNumbers:
    def __iter__(self):
        self.a = 1
        return self

    def __next__(self):
        x = self.a
        self.a += 2
        return x


odd_numbers_object = OddNumbers()
iterator = iter(odd_numbers_object)

print(next(iterator))  # 1
print(next(iterator))  # 3
print(next(iterator))  # 5

my_set = set([1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
print(list(my_set))  # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

import pandas

print(pandas)  # <module 'torch' from '/Users/...'

odd_numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
even_numbers = []

for i in range(9):
    if i not in odd_numbers:
        even_numbers.append(i)

print(even_numbers)  # [0, 2, 4, 6, 8]

sort()：对原始列表进行排序

sorted()：返回一个新的排序列表

groceries = ['milk', 'bread', 'tea']

new_groceries = sorted(groceries)
# new_groceries = ['bread', 'milk', 'tea']

print(new_groceries)

# groceries = ['milk', 'bread', 'tea']
print(groceries)

groceries.sort()

# groceries = ['bread', 'milk', 'tea']
print(groceries)

import uuid

# 根据主机ID、序列号和当前时间生成UUID
print(uuid.uuid1())  # 308490b6-afe4-11eb-95f7-0c4de9a0c5af

# 生成一个随机UUID
# 资料源码自取君羊 872937351
print(uuid.uuid4())  # 93bc700b-253e-4081-a358-24b60591076a