django原生api接口

django原生api接口

1.1 创建django项目

django-admin startproject drfdemo1

1.2 创建app

django-admin startapp app

1.3 创建数据模型

app/models.py中编写如下代码：

	from django.db import models
	class studentsInfo(models.Model):
	name = models.CharField(max_length=12, verbose_name='姓名')
	sex = models.CharField(max_length=1, verbose_name='性别')
	age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name='年龄')
	classroom = models.CharField(max_length=10, verbose_name='教室')
	info = models.CharField(max_length=100, verbose_name='个人简介')

1.4 配置环境

drfdemo1/settings.py:

	# 后端只提供接口，不使用后台等其他功能，所以将无用功能注释掉可以减轻压力，提高性能
	INSTALLED_APPS = [
	# 'django.contrib.admin',
	'django.contrib.auth',
	'django.contrib.contenttypes',
	'django.contrib.sessions',
	# 'django.contrib.messages',
	# 'django.contrib.staticfiles',
	'app',
	]
	# 由于我们在使用post请求提交数据到后台的时候，django会有一个csrftoken验证，这样使用postman工具提交表单数据时就会失败，所以注释掉csrf中间件
	MIDDLEWARE = [
	'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
	'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
	'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
	# 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
	'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
	# 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
	'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
	]
	# 由于是测试，所以不再使用mysql，使用sqlite3比较方便
	DATABASES = {
	'default': {
	'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
	'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
	}
	}
	# 设置为中文
	LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'

1.5 数据迁移

	python manage.py makemigration
	python manage.py migrate

1.6 编写视图代码

app/views.py:

	import json
	from .models import *
	from django.views import View
	from django.http import JsonResponse
	"""
	post /students/ 添加一个学生
	GET /students/ 获取所有学生信息
	GET /students/<pk>/获取一个学生信息
	PUT /students/<pk>/ 更新一个学生信息
	DELETE /students/<pk>/ 删除一个学生信息
	一个路由对应一个视图类，把5个api接口分为两个视图类来写
	"""
	# 原生接口
	class studentView(View):
	def post(self, request):
	# 1.接受客户端提交的数据
	name = request.POST.get("name")
	sex = request.POST.get("sex")
	age = request.POST.get("age")
	classroom = request.POST.get("classroom")
	info = request.POST.get("info")
	# 2.操作数据库，保存数据
	instance = studentsInfo.objects.create(
	name=name,
	sex=sex,
	age=age,
	classroom=classroom,
	info=info
	)
	# 3.返回结果
	return JsonResponse({
	"id": instance.id,
	"name": instance.name,
	"sex": instance.sex,
	"age": instance.age,
	"classroom": instance.classroom,
	"info": instance.info
	}, status=201, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})
	def get(self, request):
	"""
	获取多个学生信息
	"""
	students_list = studentsInfo.objects.values()
	return JsonResponse(data=list(students_list), status=200, safe=False, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})
	class studentInfoView(View):
	def get(self, request, pk):
	"""
	获取一条数据
	"""
	try:
	instance = studentsInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
	except studentsInfo.DoesNotExist:
	return JsonResponse(data={"message": "学生不存在"}, status=404)
	else:
	return JsonResponse({
	"id": instance.id,
	"name": instance.name,
	"sex": instance.sex,
	"age": instance.age,
	"classroom": instance.classroom,
	"info": instance.info
	}, status=201, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})
	def put(self, request, pk):
	# 1.接受客户端提交的数据
	data = json.loads(request.body)
	name = data.get("name")
	sex = data.get("sex")
	age = data.get("age")
	classroom = data.get("classroom")
	info = data.get("info")
	# 2.操作数据库，修改并保存数据
	try:
	instance = studentsInfo.objects.get(id=pk)
	except studentsInfo.DoesNotExist:
	return JsonResponse(data={"message": "学生不存在"}, status=404)
	else:
	instance.name = name
	instance.sex = sex
	instance.age = age
	instance.classroom = classroom
	instance.info = info
	instance.save()
	# 3.返回结果
	return JsonResponse({
	"id": instance.id,
	"name": instance.name,
	"sex": instance.sex,
	"age": instance.age,
	"classroom": instance.classroom,
	"info": instance.info
	}, status=201, json_dumps_params={"ensure_ascii": False})
	def delete(self, request, pk):
	try:
	studentsInfo.objects.get(id=pk).delete()
	except studentsInfo.DoesNotExist:
	return JsonResponse(data={"message": "您要删除的数据不存在"}, status=404)
	else:
	return JsonResponse(data={"message": "删除成功"})

1.7 配置路由

drfdemo1/urls.py:

	from django.urls import path, include
	urlpatterns = [
	# path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
	path('api/',include('app.urls')),
	]

app/urls.py:

	from django.urls import path,re_path
	from .views import *
	urlpatterns = [
	path('students/', studentView.as_view()),
	re_path(r'^students/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', studentInfoView.as_view())
	]

1.8 启动项目

python manage.py runserver 8000

1.9 测试api接口

1.9.1 添加一个学生

返回数据：

	{
	"id": 13,
	"name": "胡歌",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": "36",
	"classroom": "888",
	"info": "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下"
	}

数据库：

 

1.9.2 获取所有学生信息

返回数据

	[
	{
	"id": 1,
	"name": "小明",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": 22,
	"classroom": "301",
	"info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"
	},
	{
	"id": 2,
	"name": "小红",
	"sex": "女",
	"age": 18,
	"classroom": "301",
	"info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"
	},
	{
	"id": 3,
	"name": "张三",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": 25,
	"classroom": "307",
	"info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"
	},
	{
	"id": 4,
	"name": "李四",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": 24,
	"classroom": "308",
	"info": "这个人很懒，什么也没有留下"
	},
	{
	"id": 5,
	"name": "闵麒良",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": 23,
	"classroom": "310",
	"info": "河工胡歌"
	},
	{
	"id": 12,
	"name": "孙明辉",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": 23,
	"classroom": "333",
	"info": "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下"
	},
	{
	"id": 13,
	"name": "胡歌",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": 36,
	"classroom": "888",
	"info": "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下"
	}
	]

1.9.3 获取一条数据

返回数据

	{
	"id": 13,
	"name": "胡歌",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": 36,
	"classroom": "888",
	"info": "这个人很懒，什么都没有留下"
	}

1.9.4 更新一条数据

返回数据

	{
	"id": 13,
	"name": "胡歌",
	"sex": "男",
	"age": 18,
	"classroom": 666,
	"info": "6666666666666666"
	}

数据库：

1.9.5 删除一条数据

返回数据：

	{
	"message": "删除成功"
	}

数据库：

 

出处：https://www.cnblogs.com/minqiliang/p/16822047.html