环境要求

windows系统，python3.6+
 
安装游戏依赖模块
 
pip install pyqt5
 
pip install pygame

游戏介绍

1、游戏目标

随机生成一张迷宫地图，将玩家设置在迷宫内部，通过光标上下左右，来移动玩家，按照迷宫地图的道路来走出迷宫。

2、先上游戏效果图

完整开发流程

1、项目主结构

首先，先整理一下项目的主结构，其实看一下主结构，基本就清晰了

modules：存放自己写的python类
——mazes.py
——misc.py
——sprites.py

resources：存放引用到的图片、音频等等
——audios:音频资源
——images:图片资源

config.py：为主配置文件

maze.py：主程序文件

requirements.txt：需要引入的python依赖包

2、详细配置

配置文件中，需要引入os模块，并且配置打开游戏的屏幕大小，并将资源中引用到的图片、音频插入到合适的位置。

因为我们的迷宫游戏，需要划开模块。

'''配置文件'''
import os
 
 
'''屏幕大小'''
SCREENSIZE = (800, 625)
'''游戏素材'''
# 完整源码+Q裙：708525271
BGMPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/audios/bgm.mp3')
HEROPICPATH = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'resources/images/hero.png')
'''FPS'''
FPS = 20
'''块大小'''
BLOCKSIZE = 15
MAZESIZE = (35, 50) # num_rows * num_cols
BORDERSIZE = (25, 50) # 25 * 2 + 50 * 15 = 800, 50 * 2 + 35 * 15 = 625

3、随机生成迷宫地图

迷宫虽然是个小游戏，但是我们每次打开，进入地图需要随机生成一个新地图。

定义randommaze 随机生成地图，并将地图投在主游戏屏幕上

import pygame
import random
from .misc import *
 
 
'''一个游戏地图块'''
# Python学习交流裙 708525271
class Block():
    def __init__(self, coordinate, block_size, border_size, **kwargs):
        # (col, row)
        self.coordinate = coordinate
        self.block_size = block_size
        self.border_size = border_size
        self.is_visited = False
        # 上下左右有没有墙
        self.has_walls = [True, True, True, True]
        self.color = (0, 0, 0)
    '''画到屏幕上'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        directions = ['top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right']
        for idx, direction in enumerate(directions):
            if self.has_walls[idx]:
                if direction == 'top':
                    x1 = self.coordinate[0] * self.block_size + self.border_size[0]
                    y1 = self.coordinate[1] * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
                    x2 = (self.coordinate[0] + 1) * self.block_size + self.border_size[0]
                    y2 = self.coordinate[1] * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
                    pygame.draw.line(screen, self.color, (x1, y1), (x2, y2))
                elif direction == 'bottom':
                    x1 = self.coordinate[0] * self.block_size + self.border_size[0]
                    y1 = (self.coordinate[1] + 1) * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
                    x2 = (self.coordinate[0] + 1) * self.block_size + self.border_size[0]
                    y2 = (self.coordinate[1] + 1) * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
                    pygame.draw.line(screen, self.color, (x1, y1), (x2, y2))
                elif direction == 'left':
                    x1 = self.coordinate[0] * self.block_size + self.border_size[0]
                    y1 = self.coordinate[1] * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
                    x2 = self.coordinate[0] * self.block_size + self.border_size[0]
                    y2 = (self.coordinate[1] + 1) * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
                    pygame.draw.line(screen, self.color, (x1, y1), (x2, y2))
                elif direction == 'right':
                    x1 = (self.coordinate[0] + 1) * self.block_size + self.border_size[0]
                    y1 = self.coordinate[1] * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
                    x2 = (self.coordinate[0] + 1) * self.block_size + self.border_size[0]
                    y2 = (self.coordinate[1] + 1) * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
                    pygame.draw.line(screen, self.color, (x1, y1), (x2, y2))
        return True
 
 
'''随机生成迷宫类'''
class RandomMaze():
    def __init__(self, maze_size, block_size, border_size, **kwargs):
        self.block_size = block_size
        self.border_size = border_size
        self.maze_size = maze_size
        self.blocks_list = RandomMaze.createMaze(maze_size, block_size, border_size)
        self.font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 15)
    '''画到屏幕上'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        for row in range(self.maze_size[0]):
            for col in range(self.maze_size[1]):
                self.blocks_list[row][col].draw(screen)
        # 起点和终点标志
        showText(screen, self.font, 'S', (255, 0, 0), (self.border_size[0]-10, self.border_size[1]))
        showText(screen, self.font, 'D', (255, 0, 0), (self.border_size[0]+(self.maze_size[1]-1)*self.block_size, self.border_size[1]+self.maze_size[0]*self.block_size+5))
    '''创建迷宫'''
    @staticmethod
    def createMaze(maze_size, block_size, border_size):
        def nextBlock(block_now, blocks_list):
            directions = ['top', 'bottom', 'left', 'right']
            blocks_around = dict(zip(directions, [None]*4))
            block_next = None
            count = 0
            # 查看上边block
            if block_now.coordinate[1]-1 >= 0:
                block_now_top = blocks_list[block_now.coordinate[1]-1][block_now.coordinate[0]]
                if not block_now_top.is_visited:
                    blocks_around['top'] = block_now_top
                    count += 1
            # 查看下边block
            if block_now.coordinate[1]+1 < maze_size[0]:
                block_now_bottom = blocks_list[block_now.coordinate[1]+1][block_now.coordinate[0]]
                if not block_now_bottom.is_visited:
                    blocks_around['bottom'] = block_now_bottom
                    count += 1
            # 查看左边block
            if block_now.coordinate[0]-1 >= 0:
                block_now_left = blocks_list[block_now.coordinate[1]][block_now.coordinate[0]-1]
                if not block_now_left.is_visited:
                    blocks_around['left'] = block_now_left
                    count += 1
            # 查看右边block
            if block_now.coordinate[0]+1 < maze_size[1]:
                block_now_right = blocks_list[block_now.coordinate[1]][block_now.coordinate[0]+1]
                if not block_now_right.is_visited:
                    blocks_around['right'] = block_now_right
                    count += 1
            if count > 0:
                while True:
                    direction = random.choice(directions)
                    if blocks_around.get(direction):
                        block_next = blocks_around.get(direction)
                        if direction == 'top':
                            block_next.has_walls[1] = False
                            block_now.has_walls[0] = False
                        elif direction == 'bottom':
                            block_next.has_walls[0] = False
                            block_now.has_walls[1] = False
                        elif direction == 'left':
                            block_next.has_walls[3] = False
                            block_now.has_walls[2] = False
                        elif direction == 'right':
                            block_next.has_walls[2] = False
                            block_now.has_walls[3] = False
                        break
            return block_next
        blocks_list = [[Block([col, row], block_size, border_size) for col in range(maze_size[1])] for row in range(maze_size[0])]
        block_now = blocks_list[0][0]
        records = []
        while True:
            if block_now:
                if not block_now.is_visited:
                    block_now.is_visited = True
                    records.append(block_now)
                block_now = nextBlock(block_now, blocks_list)
            else:
                block_now = records.pop()
                if len(records) == 0:
                    break
        return blocks_list

4、光标控制玩家

通过读取键盘的上下左右光标来移动我们的小可爱

'''
Function:
    定义其他必要模块
Author:
    lexsaints
'''
import sys
import pygame
 
 
'''在屏幕指定位置显示文字'''
def showText(screen, font, text, color, position):
    text_render = font.render(text, True, color)
    rect = text_render.get_rect()
    rect.left, rect.top = position
    screen.blit(text_render, rect)
    return rect.right
 
 
'''按钮'''
def Button(screen, position, text, font, buttoncolor=(120, 120, 120), linecolor=(20, 20, 20), textcolor=(255, 255, 255), bwidth=200, bheight=50):
    left, top = position
    pygame.draw.line(screen, linecolor, (left, top), (left+bwidth, top), 5)
    pygame.draw.line(screen, linecolor, (left, top-2), (left, top+bheight), 5)
    pygame.draw.line(screen, linecolor, (left, top+bheight), (left+bwidth, top+bheight), 5)
    pygame.draw.line(screen, linecolor, (left+bwidth, top+bheight), (left+bwidth, top), 5)
    pygame.draw.rect(screen, buttoncolor, (left, top, bwidth, bheight))
    text_render = font.render(text, 1, textcolor)
    rect = text_render.get_rect()
    rect.centerx, rect.centery = left + bwidth / 2, top + bheight / 2
    return screen.blit(text_render, rect)
 
 
'''游戏开始/关卡切换/游戏结束界面'''
def Interface(screen, config, mode='game_start'):
    pygame.display.set_mode(config.SCREENSIZE)
    font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 30)
    if mode == 'game_start':
        clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        while True:
            screen.fill((192, 192, 192))
            button_1 = Button(screen, ((config.SCREENSIZE[0]-200)//2, config.SCREENSIZE[1]//3), 'START', font)
            button_2 = Button(screen, ((config.SCREENSIZE[0]-200)//2, config.SCREENSIZE[1]//2), 'QUIT', font)
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit(-1)
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                    if button_1.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        return True
                    elif button_2.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        pygame.quit()
                        sys.exit(-1)
            pygame.display.update()
            clock.tick(config.FPS)
    elif mode == 'game_switch':
        clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        while True:
            screen.fill((192, 192, 192))
            button_1 = Button(screen, ((config.SCREENSIZE[0]-200)//2, config.SCREENSIZE[1]//3), 'NEXT', font)
            button_2 = Button(screen, ((config.SCREENSIZE[0]-200)//2, config.SCREENSIZE[1]//2), 'QUIT', font)
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit(-1)
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                    if button_1.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        return True
                    elif button_2.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        pygame.quit()
                        sys.exit(-1)
            pygame.display.update()
            clock.tick(config.FPS)
    elif mode == 'game_end':
        clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        while True:
            screen.fill((192, 192, 192))
            button_1 = Button(screen, ((config.SCREENSIZE[0]-200)//2, config.SCREENSIZE[1]//3), 'RESTART', font)
            button_2 = Button(screen, ((config.SCREENSIZE[0]-200)//2, config.SCREENSIZE[1]//2), 'QUIT', font)
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit(-1)
                elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
                    if button_1.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        return True
                    elif button_2.collidepoint(pygame.mouse.get_pos()):
                        pygame.quit()
                        sys.exit(-1)
            pygame.display.update()
            clock.tick(config.FPS)
    else:
        raise ValueError('Interface.mode unsupport %s...' % mode)

5、定义主玩家绘制全图

绘制完整游戏，并定义主角，就叫hero吧

'''
Function:
    定义游戏精灵类
Author:
    lexsaints
'''
import pygame
 
 
'''定义hero'''
class Hero(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
    def __init__(self, imagepath, coordinate, block_size, border_size, **kwargs):
        pygame.sprite.Sprite.__init__(self)
        self.image = pygame.image.load(imagepath)
        self.image = pygame.transform.scale(self.image, (block_size, block_size))
        self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = coordinate[0] * block_size + border_size[0], coordinate[1] * block_size + border_size[1]
        self.coordinate = coordinate
        self.block_size = block_size
        self.border_size = border_size
    '''移动'''
    def move(self, direction, maze):
        blocks_list = maze.blocks_list
        if direction == 'up':
            if blocks_list[self.coordinate[1]][self.coordinate[0]].has_walls[0]:
                return False
            else:
                self.coordinate[1] = self.coordinate[1] - 1
                return True
        elif direction == 'down':
            if blocks_list[self.coordinate[1]][self.coordinate[0]].has_walls[1]:
                return False
            else:
                self.coordinate[1] = self.coordinate[1] + 1
                return True
        elif direction == 'left':
            if blocks_list[self.coordinate[1]][self.coordinate[0]].has_walls[2]:
                return False
            else:
                self.coordinate[0] = self.coordinate[0] - 1
                return True
        elif direction == 'right':
            if blocks_list[self.coordinate[1]][self.coordinate[0]].has_walls[3]:
                return False
            else:
                self.coordinate[0] = self.coordinate[0] + 1
                return True
        else:
            raise ValueError('Unsupport direction %s in Hero.move...' % direction)
    '''绑定到屏幕'''
    def draw(self, screen):
        self.rect.left, self.rect.top = self.coordinate[0] * self.block_size + self.border_size[0], self.coordinate[1] * self.block_size + self.border_size[1]
        screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)

6、引入音频、图片

启动游戏主程序

在主程序中，通过读取配置文件，引入项目资源：包括图片、音频等，并通过定义类，加载游戏地图

import config
import sys
import pygame
from modules import *
 
 
'''主函数'''
def main(config):
    # 初始化
    pygame.init()
    pygame.mixer.init()
    pygame.font.init()
    pygame.mixer.music.load(config.BGMPATH)
    pygame.mixer.music.play(-1, 0.0)
    screen = pygame.display.set_mode(config.SCREENSIZE)
    pygame.display.set_caption('Python学习交流Q裙708525271')
    font = pygame.font.SysFont('Consolas', 15)
    # 开始界面
    Interface(screen, config, 'game_start')
    # 记录关卡数
    num_levels = 0
    # 记录最少用了多少步通关
    best_scores = 'None'
    # 关卡循环切换
    while True:
        num_levels += 1
        clock = pygame.time.Clock()
        screen = pygame.display.set_mode(config.SCREENSIZE)
        # --随机生成关卡地图
        maze_now = RandomMaze(config.MAZESIZE, config.BLOCKSIZE, config.BORDERSIZE)
        # --生成hero
        hero_now = Hero(config.HEROPICPATH, [0, 0], config.BLOCKSIZE, config.BORDERSIZE)
        # --统计步数
        num_steps = 0
        # --关卡内主循环
        while True:
            dt = clock.tick(config.FPS)
            screen.fill((255, 255, 255))
            is_move = False
            # ----↑↓←→控制hero
            for event in pygame.event.get():
                if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
                    pygame.quit()
                    sys.exit(-1)
                elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
                    if event.key == pygame.K_UP:
                        is_move = hero_now.move('up', maze_now)
                    elif event.key == pygame.K_DOWN:
                        is_move = hero_now.move('down', maze_now)
                    elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
                        is_move = hero_now.move('left', maze_now)
                    elif event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
                        is_move = hero_now.move('right', maze_now)
            num_steps += int(is_move)
            hero_now.draw(screen)
            maze_now.draw(screen)
            # ----显示一些信息
            showText(screen, font, 'LEVELDONE: %d' % num_levels, (255, 0, 0), (10, 10))
            showText(screen, font, 'BESTSCORE: %s' % best_scores, (255, 0, 0), (210, 10))
            showText(screen, font, 'USEDSTEPS: %s' % num_steps, (255, 0, 0), (410, 10))
            showText(screen, font, 'S: your starting point    D: your destination', (255, 0, 0), (10, 600))
            # ----判断游戏是否胜利
            if (hero_now.coordinate[0] == config.MAZESIZE[1] - 1) and (hero_now.coordinate[1] == config.MAZESIZE[0] - 1):
                break
            pygame.display.update()
        # --更新最优成绩
        if best_scores == 'None':
            best_scores = num_steps
        else:
            if best_scores > num_steps:
                best_scores = num_steps
        # --关卡切换
        Interface(screen, config, mode='game_switch')
 
 
'''run'''
if __name__ == '__main__':
    main(config)