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rabbitmq五种模式详解（含实现代码）

一、五种模式详解

1.简单模式(Queue模式)

当生产端发送消息到交换机,交换机根据消息属性发送到队列,消费者监听绑定队列实现消息的接收和消费逻辑编写.简单模式下,强调的一个队列queue只被一个消费者监听消费.

1.1 结构

生产者:生成消息,发送到交换机
交换机:根据消息属性,将消息发送给队列
消费者:监听这个队列,发现消息后,获取消息执行消费逻辑

1.2应用场景

常见的应用场景就是一发,一接的结构
例如:

手机短信
邮件单发

2.争抢模式(Work模式)

强调的也是后端队列与消费者绑定的结构

2.1结构

生产者:发送消息到交换机
交换机:根据消息属性将消息发送给队列
消费者:多个消费者,同时绑定监听一个队列,之间形成了争抢消息的效果

2.2应用场景

抢红包
资源分配系统

3.路由模式(Route模式 Direct定向)

从路由模式开始，关心的就是消息如何到达的队列，路由模式需要使用的交换机类型就是路由交换机（direct）

3.1 结构

生产端：发送消息，在消息中处理消息内容，携带一个routingkey
交换机：接收消息，根据消息的routingkey去计算匹配后端队列的routingkey
队列：存储交换机发送的消息
消费端：简单模式工作争抢

3.2应用场景

短信
聊天工具
邮箱。。

手机号/邮箱地址，都可以是路由key

4.发布订阅模式(Pulish/Subscribe模式 Fanout广播)

不计算路由的一种特殊交换机

4.1结构

4.2应用场景

消息推送
广告

5.主题模式(Topics模式 Tpoic通配符)

路由key值是一种多级路径。中国.四川.成都.武侯区

5.1结构

生产端：携带路由key，发送消息到交换机
队列：绑定交换机和路由不一样，不是一个具体的路由key，而可以使用*和#代替一个范围
| * | 字符串，只能表示一级 |
| --- | --- |
| # | 多级字符串 |
交换机：根据匹配规则，将路由key对应发送到队列
消息路由key:
1. 北京市.朝阳区.酒仙桥
2. 北京市.#: 匹配true
3. 上海市.浦东区.*: 没匹配false
4. 新疆.乌鲁木齐.#

5.2 应用场景

做物流分拣的多级传递.

6.完整结构

二、代码实现

1.创建SpringBoot工程

1.1 工程基本信息

1.2 依赖信息

1.3 配置文件applicasion.properties

# 应用名称 spring.application.name=springboot-demo # Actuator Web 访问端口 management.server.port=8801 management.endpoints.jmx.exposure.include=* management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=* management.endpoint.health.show-details=always # 应用服务 WEB 访问端口 server.port=8801 ######################### RabbitMQ配置 ######################## # RabbitMQ主机 spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1 # RabbitMQ虚拟主机 spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=demo # RabbitMQ服务端口 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 # RabbitMQ服务用户名 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin # RabbitMQ服务密码 spring.rabbitmq.password=admin # RabbitMQ服务发布确认属性配置 ## NONE值是禁用发布确认模式，是默认值 ## CORRELATED值是发布消息成功到交换器后会触发回调方法 ## SIMPLE值经测试有两种效果，其一效果和CORRELATED值一样会触发回调方法，其二在发布消息成功后使用rabbitTemplate调用waitForConfirms或waitForConfirmsOrDie方法等待broker节点返回发送结果，根据返回结果来判定下一步的逻辑，要注意的点是waitForConfirmsOrDie方法如果返回false则会关闭channel，则接下来无法发送消息到broker; spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=simple # RabbitMQ服务开启消息发送确认 spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true ######################### simple模式配置 ######################## # RabbitMQ服务消息接收确认模式 ## NONE：不确认 ## AUTO：自动确认 ## MANUAL：手动确认 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual # 指定最小的消费者数量 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=1 # 指定最大的消费者数量 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=1 # 开启支持重试 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.enabled=true

2.简单模式

2.1 创建SimpleQueueConfig 简单队列配置类

package com.gmtgo.demo.simple; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Configuration public class SimpleQueueConfig { /** * 定义简单队列名. */ private final String simpleQueue = "queue_simple"; @Bean public Queue simpleQueue() { return new Queue(simpleQueue); } }

2.2 编写生产者

package com.gmtgo.demo.simple; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class SimpleProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessage() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "简单消息" + i; log.info("我是生产信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend( "queue_simple", message); } } }

2.3 编写消费者

package com.gmtgo.demo.simple; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class SimpleConsumers { @RabbitListener(queues = "queue_simple") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }

2.4 编写访问类

package com.gmtgo.demo.simple; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帅 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "/rabbitMq") public class SimpleRabbitMqController { @Autowired private SimpleProducer simpleProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "/simpleQueueTest") public String simpleQueueTest() { simpleProducer.sendMessage(); return "success"; } }

2.5 测试启动项目访问 simpleQueueTest

访问地址:http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/simpleQueueTest
结果：

3.Work队列

3.1 编写工作配置

package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Configuration public class WorkQueueConfig { /** * 队列名. */ private final String work = "work_queue"; @Bean public Queue workQueue() { return new Queue(work); } }

3.2 编写生产者

package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class WorkProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessage() { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { String message = "工作消息" + i; log.info("我是生产信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("work_queue", message); } } }

3.3 编写消费者1

package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class WorkConsumers1 { @RabbitListener(queues = "work_queue") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息1:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }

3.4 编写消费者2

package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class WorkConsumers2 { @RabbitListener(queues = "work_queue") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息2:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }

3.5 编写测试方法

package com.gmtgo.demo.work; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帅 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "rabbitMq") public class WorkRabbitMqController { @Autowired private WorkProducer workProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "workQueueTest") public String workQueueTest() { workProducer.sendMessage(); return "success"; } }

3.6 测试启动项目访问 workQueueTest

访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/workQueueTest
结果：

控制台打印，发现10条消息偶数条消费者1获取，奇数条消费者2获取，并且平均分配。当然通过代码实现按需分配，即谁的性能强，谁优先原则，实现负载均衡。配置可控分配数

4. 发布订阅模式(Publish/Subscibe模式)

订阅模式–多个消费者监听不同的队列，但队列都绑定同一个交换机

4.1 编写订阅配置类

package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.FanoutExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Configuration public class FanoutQueueConfig { /** * 声明队列名. */ private final String fanout1 = "fanout_queue_1"; private final String fanout2 = "fanout_queue_2"; /** * 声明交换机的名字. */ private final String fanoutExchange = "fanoutExchange"; /** * 声明队列. * * @return */ @Bean public Queue fanoutQueue1() { return new Queue(fanout1); } @Bean public Queue fanoutQueue2() { return new Queue(fanout2); } /** * 声明交换机. */ @Bean public FanoutExchange exchange() { return new FanoutExchange(fanoutExchange); } /** * 队列绑定交换机，也可在可视化工具中进行绑定. * * @return */ @Bean public Binding bindingFanoutQueue1(Queue fanoutQueue1, FanoutExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue1).to(exchange); } @Bean public Binding bindingFanoutQueue2(Queue fanoutQueue2, FanoutExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueue2).to(exchange); } }

4.2 编写订阅生产者

package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class FanoutProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessage() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "订阅模式消息" + i; log.info("我是生产信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("fanoutExchange", "", message); } } }

4.3 编写订阅消费者1

package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class FanoutConsumers1 { @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout_queue_1") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息1:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }

4.4 编写订阅消费者2

package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class FanoutConsumers2 { @RabbitListener(queues = "fanout_queue_2") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息2:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }

4.5 编写测试方法

package com.gmtgo.demo.fanout; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帅 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "rabbitMq") public class FanoutRabbitMqController { @Autowired private FanoutProducer fanoutProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "fanoutQueueTest") public String fanoutQueueTest() { fanoutProducer.sendMessage(); return "success"; } }

3.6 测试启动项目访问 fanoutQueueTest

访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/fanoutQueueTest
结果：

控制台打印，发现两个绑定了不同队列的消费者都接受到了同一条消息查看RabbitMq 服务器：

5. 路由模式(Route模式 Direct定向)

5.1 编写路由配置类

package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Configuration public class DirectQueueConfig { /** * 声明队列名. */ private final String direct1 = "direct_queue_1"; private final String direct2 = "direct_queue_2"; /** * 声明交换机的名字. */ private final String directExchange = "directExchange"; /** * 声明队列. * * @return */ @Bean public Queue directQueue1() { return new Queue(direct1); } @Bean public Queue directQueue2() { return new Queue(direct2); } /** * 声明路由交换机. * * @return */ @Bean public DirectExchange directExchange() { return new DirectExchange(directExchange); } /** * 队列绑定交换机,指定routingKey,也可在可视化工具中进行绑定. * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingDirectExchange1(Queue directQueue1, DirectExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue1).to(exchange).with("update"); } /** * 队列绑定交换机,指定routingKey,也可在可视化工具中进行绑定. * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingDirectExchange2(Queue directQueue2, DirectExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(directQueue2).to(exchange).with("add"); } }

5.2 编写生产者

package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class DirectProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessageA() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "路由模式--routingKey=update消息" + i; log.info("我是生产信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange", "update", message); } } public void sendMessageB() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "路由模式--routingKey=add消息" + i; log.info("我是生产信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("directExchange", "add", message); } } }

5.3 编写消费者1

package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class DirectConsumers1 { @RabbitListener(queues = "direct_queue_1") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息1:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }

5.4 编写消费者2

package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class DirectConsumers2 { @RabbitListener(queues = "direct_queue_2") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息2:{}", new String(message.getBody())); } }

5.5 编写访问类

package com.gmtgo.demo.direct; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帅 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "rabbitMq") public class DirectRabbitMqController { @Autowired private DirectProducer directProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "directQueueTest1") public String directQueueTest1() { directProducer.sendMessageA(); return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "directQueueTest2") public String directQueueTest2() { directProducer.sendMessageB(); return "success"; } }

5.6 测试启动项目访问directQueueTest1 , directQueueTest2

访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/directQueueTest1
访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/directQueueTest2
结果：
- directQueueTest1：
- directQueueTest2：

6. 主题模式(Topics模式 Tpoic通配符)

6.1 编写路由配置类

package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Configuration public class TopicQueueConfig { /** * 声明队列名. */ private final String topic1 = "topic_queue_1"; private final String topic2 = "topic_queue_2"; /** * 声明交换机的名字. */ private final String topicExchange = "topicExchange"; /** * 声明队列. * * @return */ @Bean public Queue topicQueue1() { return new Queue(topic1); } @Bean public Queue topicQueue2() { return new Queue(topic2); } /** * 声明路由交换机. * * @return */ @Bean public TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange(topicExchange); } /** * 队列绑定交换机,指定routingKey,也可在可视化工具中进行绑定. * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingTopicExchange1(Queue topicQueue1, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1).to(exchange).with("topic.keyA"); } /** * 队列绑定交换机,指定routingKey,也可在可视化工具中进行绑定. * 绑定的routing key 也可以使用通配符： * *：匹配不多不少一个词 * #：匹配一个或多个词 * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingTopicExchange2(Queue topicQueue2, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2).to(exchange).with("topic.#"); } }

6.2 编写生产者

package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class TopicProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessageA() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "通配符模式--routingKey=topic.keyA消息" + i; log.info("我是生产信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.keyA", message); } } public void sendMessageB() { for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { String message = "通配符模式--routingKey=topic.#消息" + i; log.info("我是生产信息:{}", message); rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("topicExchange", "topic.keyD.keyE", message); } } }

6.3 编写消费者1

package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class TopicConsumers1 { @RabbitListener(queues = "topic_queue_1") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息1:{}",new String(message.getBody())); } }

6.4 编写消费者2

package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.io.IOException; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j @Component public class TopicConsumers2 { @RabbitListener(queues = "topic_queue_2") public void readMessage(Message message, Channel channel) throws IOException { channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); log.info("我是消费信息2:{}",new String(message.getBody())); } }

6.5 编写访问类

package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @author 大帅 */ @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "rabbitMq") public class TopicRabbitMqController { @Autowired private TopicProducer topicProducer; @RequestMapping(value = "topicQueueTest1") public String topicQueueTest1() { topicProducer.sendMessageA(); return "success"; } @RequestMapping(value = "topicQueueTest2") public String topicQueueTest2() { topicProducer.sendMessageB(); return "success"; } }

6.6 测试启动项目访问topicQueueTest1 , topicQueueTest2

访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/topicQueueTest1
访问地址http://127.0.0.1:8801/rabbitMq/topicQueueTest2
结果：
- topicQueueTest1，两个消费者都能消费
- topicQueueTest2，只有消费者2 可以消费

至此，五种队列的实现已结束！

7. 实现生产者消息确认

7.1 配置文件

######################### RabbitMQ配置 ######################## # RabbitMQ主机 spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1 # RabbitMQ虚拟主机 spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=demo # RabbitMQ服务端口 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 # RabbitMQ服务用户名 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin # RabbitMQ服务密码 spring.rabbitmq.password=admin # RabbitMQ服务发布确认属性配置 ## NONE值是禁用发布确认模式，是默认值 ## CORRELATED值是发布消息成功到交换器后会触发回调方法 ## SIMPLE值经测试有两种效果，其一效果和CORRELATED值一样会触发回调方法，其二在发布消息成功后使用rabbitTemplate调用waitForConfirms或waitForConfirmsOrDie方法等待broker节点返回发送结果，根据返回结果来判定下一步的逻辑，要注意的点是waitForConfirmsOrDie方法如果返回false则会关闭channel，则接下来无法发送消息到broker; spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirm-type=simple # 连接超时时间 spring.rabbitmq.connection-timeout=20000 # RabbitMQ服务开启消息发送确认 spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true ######################### simple模式配置 ######################## # RabbitMQ服务消息接收确认模式 ## NONE：不确认 ## AUTO：自动确认 ## MANUAL：手动确认 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.acknowledge-mode=manual # 指定最小的消费者数量 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.concurrency=1 # 指定最大的消费者数量 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.max-concurrency=1 # 每次只消费一个消息 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.prefetch=1 # 开启支持重试 spring.rabbitmq.listener.simple.retry.enabled=true # 启用强制信息，默认为false spring.rabbitmq.template.mandatory=true

7.2 编写消息发送确认类 RabbitConfirmCallback

package com.gmtgo.demo.config; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CorrelationData; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j public class RabbitConfirmCallback implements RabbitTemplate.ConfirmCallback { @Override public void confirm(CorrelationData correlationData, boolean ack, String cause) { log.info("=======ConfirmCallback========="); log.info("correlationData {} " , correlationData); log.info("ack = {}" , ack); log.info("cause = {}" , cause); log.info("=======ConfirmCallback========="); } }

7.3 编写消息发送交换机返回机制RabbitConfirmReturnCallBack

package com.gmtgo.demo.config; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Slf4j public class RabbitConfirmReturnCallBack implements RabbitTemplate.ReturnCallback { @Override public void returnedMessage(Message message, int replyCode, String replyText, String exchange, String routingKey) { log.info("--------------ReturnCallback----------------"); log.info("message = " + message); log.info("replyCode = {}", replyCode); log.info("replyText = {}", replyText); log.info("exchange = {}", exchange); log.info("routingKey = {}", routingKey); log.info("--------------ReturnCallback----------------"); } }

7.4 RabbitMQ配置

在我们的rabbit队列配置类里设置RabbitTemplate 举例：

package com.gmtgo.demo.topic; import com.gmtgo.demo.config.RabbitConfirmCallback; import com.gmtgo.demo.config.RabbitConfirmReturnCallBack; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import javax.annotation.PostConstruct; /** * @author 大帅 */ @Configuration public class TopicQueueConfig { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; @PostConstruct public void initRabbitTemplate() { // 设置生产者消息确认 rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback(new RabbitConfirmCallback()); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback(new RabbitConfirmReturnCallBack()); } /** * 声明队列名. */ private final String topic1 = "topic_queue_1"; private final String topic2 = "topic_queue_2"; /** * 声明交换机的名字. */ private final String topicExchange = "topicExchange"; /** * 声明队列. * * @return */ @Bean public Queue topicQueue1() { return new Queue(topic1); } @Bean public Queue topicQueue2() { return new Queue(topic2); } /** * 声明路由交换机. * * @return */ @Bean public TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange(topicExchange); } /** * 队列绑定交换机,指定routingKey,也可在可视化工具中进行绑定. * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingTopicExchange1(Queue topicQueue1, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue1).to(exchange).with("topic.keyA"); } /** * 队列绑定交换机,指定routingKey,也可在可视化工具中进行绑定. * 绑定的routing key 也可以使用通配符： * *：匹配不多不少一个词 * #：匹配一个或多个词 * * @return */ @Bean Binding bindingTopicExchange2(Queue topicQueue2, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueue2).to(exchange).with("topic.#"); } }

启动项目发送消息，消息被正常消费，confim回调返回ack=true如果我们将exchange修改，发送到一个不存在的exchange中，会怎么样呢？

会发现confirm回调为false，打印出结果为不存在topicExchange1111的交换机

如果我们在消费端处理逻辑时出错会怎么样呢？修改消费端代码我们在消费时让它报错 confirm回调为true，但是在rabbitmq的web界面会发现存在5条没有消费的消息

如果我们把

channel.basicNack(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(),false,false);

中最后一个参数改为false呢，会发现在web管理界面没有未被消费的消息，说明这条消息已经被摒弃。

实际开发中，到底是打回到队列呢还是摒弃，要看自己的需求，但是打回队列应该有次数限制，不然会陷入死循环。继续测试，将routingKey修改为一个没有的key,

7.5 结论

如果消息没有到exchange,则confirm回调,ack=false
如果消息到达exchange,则confirm回调,ack=true
exchange到queue成功,则不回调return
exchange到queue失败,则回调return

8. 项目示例代码：

下载地址：springboot-rabbitmq-demo_1619322789961

__EOF__

本文作者：大帅小站 本文链接：https://www.cnblogs.com/cgqplus/p/14699747.html

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